The Jacchia-Bowman 2008 Empirical Thermospheric Density Model
The JB2008 empirical thermospheric density model code is provided, along with historical space weather indices featuring a 45-day lag.
SET also offers current epoch and forecast operational indices to the community through the Unified Data Library (UDL). Whether for research or operational use, please visit the Unified Data Library to request a subscription.
Technical Summary
Inputs:
- Solar indices: F10.7, S10.7 (EUV), M10.7 (FUV), Y10.7 (X-ray & Lyman-α), 81-day centered averages
- Geomagnetic indices: Ap (quiet/moderate activity), Dst (storm conditions)
Outputs:
- Exospheric temperature
- Neutral temperature
- Total mass density
- Time-dependent global density fields
Domains & Applications:
- Thermosphere modeling
- Space-weather impact assessment
- Satellite and debris drag prediction
- Atmospheric expansion and variability studies
Description
JB2008 is an empirical model that predicts how Earth’s thermosphere responds to changing solar and geomagnetic conditions. Using solar indices derived from space-based irradiance measurements, the model captures the effects of EUV, FUV, X-ray, and Lyman-α energy inputs that drive upper atmospheric heating.
JB2008 incorporates improved temperature formulations, semiannual density variations, and accurate storm-time responses using the Dst index—making it a leading tool for forecasting thermospheric density, satellite drag, and space-debris behavior. It is also the internationally recommended standard (ISO 14222) for specifying neutral densities in Low Earth Orbit.
Access JB2008
The JB2008 model code is available along with historical space-weather indices (including a 45-day lag) for research and analysis.
SET also provides current epoch and forecast operational indices through the Unified Data Library (UDL). To request access or begin using operational data streams, please visit the UDL and submit a subscription request.